Autism and Schizophrenia subgroup related to blockage by toxic exposures of enzymes processing gluten and casein,                    B.Windham (Ed), 2008        

 

(affects at least 65% of autistic children (100) ) (overlaps with other mechanisms documented in (110) )

 

A direct mechanism involving mercury’s inhibition of cellular enzymatic processes by binding with the hydroxyl radical(SH) in amino acids appears to be a major part of the connection to allergic/immune reactive conditions(15-23,28,36,47,51,98). For example mercury has been found to strongly inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase(16) and dipeptyl peptidase (DPP IV) which are required in the digestion of the wheat protein gluten or the milk protein casein (15,17,19,20,22a,24,-26,98, 105) - the same protein that is cluster differentiation antigen 26  (CD26) which helps T lymphocyte activation. CD26 or DPPIV is a cell surface glycoprotein that is very susceptible to inactivation by mercury binding to its cysteinyl domain. Mercury and other toxic metals also inhibit binding of opioid receptor agonists to opioid receptors, while magnesium stimulates binding to opioid receptors(15). Studies involving a large sample of  patients with autism, schizophrenia, or mania found that over 90 % of those tested had high levels of the milk protein beta-casomorphine-7 in their blood and urine and defective enzymatic processes for digesting milk protein(24,25,27), and similarly for the corresponding enzyme needed to digest wheat gluten (24,26). Like casein, gluten breaks down into molecules with opioid traits, called gluteomorphine. As with caseomorphin, it too can retain biological activity if the enzymes needed to digest it are not functioning properly.

Proteins in bovine milk are a common source of bioactive peptides. The peptides are released by the digestion of caseins and whey proteins (105).  In vitro the bioactive peptide beta-casomorphin 7 (BCM-7) is yielded by the successive gastrointestinal proteolytic digestion of bovine beta-casein variants A1 and B, but this was not seen in variant A2 or in goats milk. In hydrolysed milk with variant A1 of beta-casein, BCM-7 level is 4-fold higher than in A2 milk.  Variants A1 and A2 of beta-casein are common among many dairy cattle breeds. A1 is the most frequent in Holstein-Friesian (0.310–0.660), Ayrshire (0.432–0.720) and Red (0.710) cattle. In contrast, a high frequency of A2 is observed in Guernsey (0.880–0.970) and Jersey (0.490–0.721) cattle(105). In children with autism, most of whom have been found to have been exposed to high levels of toxic metals through vaccines, mother’s dental amalgams, or other sources;   higher levels of BCM-7 is found in the blood(24-26).  

BCM-7 appears to play a significant role in the aetiology of human diseases(105). Epidemiological evidence from New Zealand claims that consumption of beta-casein A1 is associated with higher national mortality rates from ischaemic heart disease. It appears that the populations that consume milk containing high levels of beta-casein A2 have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 1 diabetes. Beta-casomorphin-7 has opioid properties including immunosuppression, which  account for the specificity of the relation between the consumption of some but not all beta-casein variants and diabetes incidence.  BCM-7 has also been suggested as a possible cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In addition, neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, appear to be associated with milk consumption and a higher level of BCM-7 (105).

 

The studies also found high levels of Ig A antigen specific antibodies for casein, lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin and IgG and IgM for casein.   Beta-casomorphine-7  is a morphine like compound that results in neural disfunction (24,25), as well as being a direct histamine releaser in humans and inducing skin reactions (14,21,25c).  Similarly many also had a corresponding form of  gluten protein with similar effects(24,26).   Elimination of milk and wheat products and sulfur foods from the diet has been found to improve the condition of ASD children (100,28,etc.).  A double blind study using a potent opiate antagonist, naltrexone(NAL), produced significant reduction in autistic symptomology among the 56% most responsive to opioid effects(28).  The behavioral improvements was accompanied by alterations in the distribution of the major lymphocyte subsets, with a significant increase in the T-helper-inducers and a significant reduction of the T-cytotoxic-suppressors and a normalization of the CD4/CD8 ratio.   Studies have found mercury causes increased levels of the CD8 T-cytotoxic-suppressors(29).   As noted previously, such populations of patients have also been found to have high levels of mercury and to recover after mercury detoxification (23,11,22a,30,40,96,100).  As mercury levels are reduced the protein binding is reduced and improvement in the enzymatic process occurs(22a,11,96).

 

(11) V.D.M.Stejskal, Dept. Of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden    LYMPHOCYTE   IMMUNO‑STIMULATION ASSAY ‑MELISA”,  paper presented at international autism conference & http://www.melisa.org/autism.php

  & “Mercury-specific Lymphocytes: an indication of  mercury allergy in man”, J. Of Clinical Immunology, 1996, Vol 16(1);31-40;     see:  www.melisa.org       

(12)  Sterzl I, Prochazkova J, Stejaskal VDM et al, Mercury and nickel allergy: risk factors in fatigue and autoimmunity.          Neuroendocrinology Letters 1999; 20:221-228; &   V.Stejskal, “MELISA: A New Technology for Diagnosing and       Monitoring of Metal Sensitivity”, Proceedings: 33rd Annual Meeting of American Academy of Environmental Medicine,      Nov. 1998, Baltimore, Maryland.

(13) Redhe O, Pleva J.  Recovery from asthma, allergies,ALS  after removal of dental amalgam fillings.  Int J of Risk & Safety          in Medicine 1994; 4:229-236.

(14) Kurek M, Przybilla B, Hermann K, Ring J.  An  opioid peptide from cows milk, beta-casomorphine-7, is a direct histamine releaser in man.  Int Arch Allergy immunol 1992; 97(2): 115-20; & Nutritive Casein Formula Elicits Pseudoallergic Skin Reactions by Prick Testing, M. Kurek, T. Maczy´nska. Allergy and Immunology, Vol. 118, No. 2-4, 1999, &    Developmental Disorders and Diary Products, Grains, Gluten and Other Proteins ,  Margaret Lahey and Shari Rosen,   BAMFORD-LAHEY CHILDREN'S FOUNDATION

http://www.childrensdisabilities.info/allergies/developmentaldisordersprotein7.html

 

(15) Tejwani GA, Hanissian SH.  Modulation of mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors in rat brain by metal ions and histidine.           Neuropharmology 1990; 29(5): 445-52.

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(20) Stefanovic V. et al, Kidney ectopeptidases in mercuric chloride-induced renal failure.  Cell Physiol Biochem           1998; 8(5): 278-84.

(21) Crinnion WJ.   Environmental toxins and their common health effects.  Altern Med Rev 2000, 5(1):52-63.

(22) Windham, B. Annotated Bibliography: Adverse health effects related to mercury and amalgam fillings and clinically documented recoveries after amalgam replacement. (over 3000 peer-reviewed references); www.flcv.com/amalg6.html

  & (b)  Prenatal and neonatal effects of mercury on infants, www.flcv.com/fetaln.html

(23)Bernard S, Enayati A, Redwood L, Roger H, Binstock T.  Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning.  Med Hypotheses 2001 Apr;56(4):462-71 www.autism.com/ari/mercurylong.html; &(b)Dr. A Holmes, Autism Treatment Center,Baton Rouge, La; www.healing-arts.org/children/holmes.htm#wethink , &(c)  Jaquelyn McCandless,  M.D., Autism Spectrum Treatment Center,  Woodland Hills, CA,& Jaquelyn McCandless, M.D, Children with Starving Brains, A Medical Treatment Guide for Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2003  www.autism‑rxguidebook.com/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=11&tabid=15;   & (d)L.Redwood, Mercury and Autism, Vitamin Research News, May 2001, 15(5):1-12; &(e) Andrew H. Cutler, PhD, PE; Amalgam Illness:Diagnosis and Treatment; 1996 , www.noamalgam.com/; &(f)Dr. R. Buttar, Autism, the Misdiagnosis of Our Future Generations, Congressional Testimony: Government Reform and Oversight Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, May 2004,

          www.hyperbaricmedicalassociation.org/docs/0_BUTTAR1.PDF

(24) J.R. Cade et al,  Autism and schizophrenia linked to malfunctioning enzyme for milk protein digestion.  Autism, Mar 1999.    http://news.ufl.edu/1999/03/15/autism/ ;& Autism and Schizophrenia: Intestinal Disorders, Cade R et al. Nutritional Neuroscience, March 2000. http://www.feingold.org/Research/cade.html   & http://www.paleodiet.com/autism/ ; & "Beta-casomorphin induces Fos-like immunoreactivity in discrete brain regions relevant to schizophrenia and autism" Autism March 1999 vol 3(1) 67-83; Sun, ZJ, Cade JR, et al ; http://aut.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/3/1/67    &  A Peptide Found in Schizophrenia and Autism Causes Behavioral Changes in Rats, J.R. Cade, Z. Sun , Univ of Florida, USA , Autism, Vol. 3, No. 1, 85-95 (1999)  DOI: 10.1177/1362361399003001007  © 1999 The National Autistic Society, SAGE Publications  http://aut.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/3/1/85 ; & Opiate hypothesis in infantile autism? Therapeutic trials with naltrexone, Leboyer M, et al., Encephale 1993 Mar-Apr;19(2):95-102; & Food allergy and infantile autism. Lucarelli S, et al., Panminerva Med 1995 Sep;37(3):137-41; http://www.feingold.org/Research/autism.html ; & Peptides from Casomorphin & Gliadorphin, The Great Plains Laboratory, www.greatplainslaboratory.com/russian/glutencasein.html ; & Why Use the Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet in Autism and What the Results have Shown so Far, Peptides and Autism, Karl Reichelt, MD, PhD1 and A. M. Knivsberg PhD, Fall Defeat Autism Now!TM 2003 Conference  *** Portland, Oregon *** October 3-5, 2003, http://www.autism.com/treatable/diet_reichelt.htm         &

Milk Linked to Autism, Schizophrenia http://www.mercola.com/1999/archive/milk_linked_to_autism.htm

http://www.bzz1.com/coucowley/?page=page2

http://www.notmilk.com/zerodairy.html

 

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(26) Huebner FR, Lieberman KW, Rubino RP, Wall JS.  Demonstration of high opioid-like activity in isolated peptides from           wheat gluten hydrolysates.  Peptides 1984; 5(6):1139-47; & Wheat gluten as a pathogenic factor in schizophrenia. Singh MM, Kay SR, Science 1976 Jan 30;191(4225):401-2; & Demonstration of high opioid-like activity in isolated peptides from wheat gluten hydrolysates.  Huebner FR, Lieberman KW, Rubino RP, Wall JS.   Peptides. 1984 Nov-Dec;5(6):1139-47; & Naloxone antagonises effect of alpha-gliadin on leucocyte migration in patients with coeliac disease. Horváth K, Gráf L, Walcz E, Bodánszky H, Schuler D. Lancet. 1985 Jul 27;2(8448):184-5

(27) Willemsen-Swinkels SH, Buitelaar JK, Weijnen FG, Thisjssen JH, Van Engeland H.  Plasma beta-endorphin      concentrations in people with learning disability and self-injurious and/or autistic behavior.  Br J Psychiary 1996; 168(1):      105-9; & Leboyer M, Launay JM et al.   Difference between plasma N- and C-terminally directed beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in infantile autism.  Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151(12): 1797-1801.

(28) Scifo R, Marchetti B, et al.  Opioid-immune interactions in autism: behavioral and immunological assessment during a double-blind treatment with naltexone.  Ann Ist Super Sanita 1996; 32(3): 351-9.

(30) Edelson SB, Cantor DS.  Autism: xenobiotic influences.  Toxicol Ind Health 1998; 14(4): 553-63;      &  Liska, DJ.  The detoxification  enzyme systems.  Altern Med Rev 1998. 3(3):187-98; & ©  HRI-Pfeiffer Center Autism Study; paper presented to Dan Conference, Jan 2001;    http://www.autism.com/dan/index.htm

 

(98) Infections, toxic chemicals and dietary peptides binding to lymphocyte receptors and tissue enzymes are major instigators of autoimmunity in autism.  Vojdani A, Pangborn JB, et al,  Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2003 Sep-Dec;16(3):189-99.

 (100) Results of treatment survey of 25,000 parents of autistic children, Autism Research Institute,   www.autism.com/treatable/form34qr.htm

(105) Polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health, J

Appl Genet 48(3), 2007, pp. 189–198, Stanis³aw Kamiñski1, Anna Cieoeliñska1, El¿bieta Kostyra2; & Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and cow milk: casein variant consumption.  Diabetologia 1999 Aug;42(8):1032; Elliott RB, Harris DP, Hill JP, Bibby NJ, Wasmuth HE.

 

 

& rest in (110)  www.flcv.com/kidshg.html